[kde-china] Nepomuk的资源描述框架（RDF）和本体（Ontologies）

qiii 2006 qiiitf在gmail.com
星期一 三月 8 07:33:36 CET 2010 

http://techbase.kde.org/Development/Tutorials/Metadata/Nepomuk/RDFIntroduction_(zh_CN)

<http://techbase.kde.org/Development/Tutorials/Metadata/Nepomuk/RDFIntroduction_(zh_CN)>

2010/3/7 dbhrscom <dbhrscom在gmail.com>

> NepomukµÄ×ÊÔ´ÃèÊö¿ò¼Ü£¨RDF£©ºÍ±¾Ì壨Ontologies£© ´óÖ·­ÒëÍê³É£¬´ó»ï¿´¿´³É·ñ:-£©
>
> Ô­ÎĵØÖ·£º
> http://techbase.kde.org/Development/Tutorials/Metadata/Nepomuk/RDFIntroduction
>
> ÎÄÖÐһЩÊõÓïÔÝʹÓá°shared-desktop-ontologies µÄÖÐÎÄ·­Ò롱ÓʼþÌáµ½µÄ¼¸¸öÊõÓïµÄÉÌȶÏë·¨£¬ÈôÄÜÐγÉÒ»Ö£¬ÔÙ½øÐÐÐÞ¸Ä
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> PS:ÎÄÖÐÁ´½Ó½Ï¶à£¬ËùÒÔ¸½ÉÏwordÎĵµ
>
> ÒëÎÄ£º
>
> Ô­ÎĵØÖ·£º
> http://techbase.kde.org/Development/Tutorials/Metadata/Nepomuk/RDFIntroduction
>
> NepomukµÄ×ÊÔ´ÃèÊö¿ò¼Ü£¨RDF£©ºÍ±¾Ì壨Ontologies£©
> ·­Ò룺dbhrscom在gmail.com
>
> Õâ¸öÖ¸ÄÏ»ùÓÚSebastian Trueg µÄ²©ÎÄ Nepomuk Appendix A - RDF for Dummies in a
> Nutshell?
>
> ÔÚÕâ¶ùÌÖÂÛµÄËùÓб¾ÌåËæͬkdebase-runtime Ò»Æð°²×°£¬Òò´ËÕâЩ±¾Ìå×ÜÊÇ´æÔÚÓÚNepomukÊý¾Ý²Ö¿âÖУ¬ÁíÍ⣬ËûÃǵÄ×ÊÔ´URI¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý
> Soprano::Vocabulary namespace ½øÐзÃÎÊ £¨NIE³ýÍ⣬Ëü¿ÉÒÔ¼òµ¥µÄʹÓÃSopranoµÄ
> onto2vocabularyclass ½¨Á¢£©
> ÒëÕß×¢£ºOntologies Ö±Òë±¾Ì壬ҲÓÐÍƼö·­ÒëΪ¡°ÖªÊ¶±¾Ì塱£¬ÔÚÓïÒåѧÉÏ¿ÉÒÔ¼òµ¥Àí½âΪһЩÓïÒå±í´ïµÄ»ù±¾Ä£Ê½µÄ˵Ã÷
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> RDF ¡ª ×ÊÔ´ÃèÊö¿ò¼Ü
>
> RDFÊÇÒ»ÖÖÃèÊöÊý¾Ý´æ´¢µÄ·½·¨£¬Óë»ùÓÚ±í¸ñµÄ¾­µäÊý¾Ý¿â²»Í¬£¬RDFÊý¾ÝÓÉÈýÔª×é×é³É£¬±»³Æ֮ΪÓï¾ä£¨statement£©µÄÈýÔª×é×é³É·½Ê½ÊÇ£º
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> Ö÷Óï ¡ª νÓï ¡ª ¶ÔÏó
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> Ö÷ÓïÊÇÒ»¸ö×ÊÔ´£¬Î½ÓïÊÇÒ»¸ö¹Øϵ£¬¶ÔÏó¿ÉÒÔÊÇÁíÍâµÄ×ÊÔ´»òÕßÒ»¸öÖµ¡£Õâ¸öÖµµÄÊý¾ÝÀàÐÍ¿ÉÒÔÊÇ×Ö·û´®¡¢ÕûÊý¡¢Ë«¾«¶È¸¡µãÊý»òÕßÊÇÔÚ XML Schema
> Öж¨ÒåµÄÀàÐÍ£¬ÉõÖÁ¿ÉÒÔÊÇ×Ô¶¨ÒåµÄÊý¾ÝÀàÐÍ¡£ÄÇô¹ØÓÚÊÂÎThing£©µÄRDFÊý¾Ý¿ÉÒÔ±íÏÖΪÈçÏÂÓï¾ä£ºMary - is mother of ¨C Carl
> »òÕß Mary - was born on - 1970-02-23¡£
>
> ΪÁ˽µµÍ±í´ïÉϵÄÄ£ºý£¬×ÊÔ´ºÍ¹Øϵ±ØÐëÊÇΨһ±êʶ¡£ÀýÈ磬ÔÚÉÏÃæµÄÓï¾äÖУ¬È·¶¨ÁËÒ»¸öÌض¨µÄ¡°Mary¡±£¬ÓÃÒÔÇø·ÖºÍ¡°Baghdad ¨C is mother
> of ¨C all battles¡± µÄ²»Í¬¡£
> ×ÔRDF×öΪһ¸öWeb¼¼Êõµ®ÉúÒÔÀ´£¬ËùÓеÄ×ÊÔ´ºÍ¹Øϵ¶¼ÊÇÓÃURI£¨Í³Ò»×ÊÔ´±êʶ·û£©½øÐбêʶ¡££¨ËûÃǵÄÃüÃû¿Õ¼ä¾­³£ÓÃ#ºÍÒ»¸öÃû×Ö½áÊø£¬µäÐ͵ÄÓ÷¨ÊÇËõдΪfoo:bar
> £©£¬Òò´ËÒ»¸öRDFÊý¾Ý¼¯»ù±¾ÉÏÊÇÒ»¸ögraph £¬×ÊÔ´£¨Ö÷ÓÊǽڵ㣬¹Øϵ£¨Î½ÓÊÇÁ¬½Ó£¬ÖµÊÇÒ¶×Ó¡£
>
> RDF¶¨ÒåÁËÒ»¸öÖØÒªµÄĬÈÏÊôÐÔ rdf:type £¬Í¨¹ýÕâ¸öÊôÐÔÖ¸¶¨×ÊÔ´µÄÀàÐÍ¡£
>
> RDFS ¡ª The RDF Schema
>
> RDFSÀ©Õ¹ÁËRDF£¬¶¨ÒåÁËÒ»¸ö×ÊÔ´ºÍÊôÐԵļ¯ºÏ£¬Õâ¸öÀ©Õ¹»ù±¾ÉÏÔÊÐí¶¨ÒåOntology£¨±¾Ì壩¡£RDFS²»µ«¶¨ÒåÁËÁ½¸öÖØÒªµÄÀà
> rdfs:Resource ºÍ rdfs:Class ÓÃÀ´ÒýÈëʵÀýºÍÀàÐ͵ÄÇø±ð£¬¶øÇÒ¶¨ÒåÁËÊôÐԵIJã´Î½á¹¹£ºrdfs:subClassof ºÍ
> rdfs:subPropertyof £¬rdfs:domain ºÍ rdfs:range Ö¸¶¨ÊôÐÔµÄϸ½Ú¡£
>
> ÕâЩÀ©Õ¹ÔÊÐí½¨Á¢ÐÂÀàºÍÊôÐÔ£¬ÓëÃæÏò¶ÔÏó±à³Ì·Ç³£ÀàËÆ£¬ÀýÈ磺
>
> @PREFIX foo: <http://foo.bar/types#>;
>
> foo:Human rdf:type rdfs:Class .  //HumanµÄÀàÐÍÊÇÀà
> foo:Woman rdf:type rdfs:Class .  //Woman µÄÀàÐÍÊÇÀà
> foo:Woman rdfs:subClassOf foo:Human .  //WomanÀàÊÇHumanÀàµÄ×ÓÀà
>
> foo:isMotherOf rdf:type rdf:Property .  // isMotherof µÄÀàÐÍÊÇÊôÐÔ
> foo:isMotherOf rdfs:domain foo:Woman .  // isMotherof Á¥ÊôWomanÓò
> foo:isMotherOf rdfs:range foo:Human .   // isMotherof ÓÃÓÚHuman·¶Î§
>
> foo:Mary rdf:type foo:Woman . // MaryµÄÀàÐÍÊÇ Woman
> foo:Mary foo:isMotherOf foo:Carl . //Ò»¸öThingµÄÈýÔªÓï¾äÃèÊö
>
> ÕâÊÇÒ»¸öÈçºÎʹÓÃRDFS¶¨ÒåÒ»¸ö±¾ÌåµÄ¼òµ¥Àý×Ó£¨Ê¹Óà Turtle ÓïÑÔ£©¡£ÔÚRDFSÖÐ×îºóÁ½¸öÖØÒªµÄνÓ¹Øϵ£©ÊÇ rdfs:label and
> rdfs:comment £¬ÎªÈÎÒâ×ÊÔ´¶¨Òå¿É¶ÁÐÔ±êÇ©ºÍ×¢ÊÍ¡£
>
> NRL£ºNepomuk±íʾÓïÑÔ
>
> Nepomuk¿ª·¢NRLÊÇΪÁËÀ©Õ¹RDFS¡£¶ÔÓÚNRL£¬ÎÒ²»×¼±¸Ïêϸ½âÊÍËüµÄÒ»ÇУ¬µ«ÎÒ»á¾ÍÄ¿Ç°KDE¶øÑԷdz£ÖØÒªµÄÐÅÏ¢½øÐнâÊÍ¡£
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> NRL×îΪÖØÒªµÄ¸Ä±äÊÇ´ÓÈýÔª×éÃèÊöµ½ËÄÔª×éÃèÊöµÄ¸Ä±ä£¬µÚËĸö²ÎÊýÊÇÒѶ¨Ò壨´æ´¢£©µÄÓÃÓï¾äÃèÊöµÄgraph£¨¿ÉÄÜΪ¿Õ£©£¬Õâ¸ögraph
> £¨ÔÚSoprano ÖгÆΪ context£© ÊÇÕâÑùÒ»ÖÖ×ÊÔ´£¬Ëü¿ÉÒÔ¶ÔÃèÊöÓï¾ä½øÐзÖ×飬ÔÊÐí¶ÔÃèÊöÓï¾ä×é½øÐÐ×·¼Ó¡£NRL¶¨ÒåÁËÒ»×é
> graph£¨context£©ÀàÐÍ£¬ÆäÖкÜÖØÒªµÄÊÇ£ºnrl:InstanceBase ºÍ nrl:Ontology¡£µÚÒ»¸ö¶¨ÒåÁËgraph
> °üº¬µÄʵÀý£¬µÚ¶þ¸ö£¬Äã²Â¶ÔÁË£¬Ëü¶¨ÒåÁË°üº¬ÀàÐͺÍνÓïµÄgraphs¡£
>
> ΪÁËʹ֮¸ü¼ÓÇå³þ£¬ÎÒÃÇÓÃNRLÀ©Õ¹ÉÏÃæµÄÀý×Ó
>
> @PREFIX foo: <http://foo.bar/types#>;
>
> foo:graph1 rdf:type nrl:Ontology .   // ×ÊÔ´foo:graph1µÄÀàÐÍÊDZ¾Ìå
> foo:graph2 rdf:type nrl:InstanceBase . // ×ÊÔ´foo:graph2µÄÀàÐÍÊÇ»ù´¡ÊµÀý
>
> foo:Human rdf:type rdfs:Class foo:graph1. // ×ÊÔ´foo:HumanÀàÐÍÊÇÀ࣬ÊDZ¾Ìå
> foo:Woman rdf:type rdfs:Class foo:graph1. // ×ÊÔ´foo:WomanÀàÐÍÊÇÀ࣬ÊDZ¾Ìå
> foo:Woman rdfs:subClassOf foo:Human foo:graph1 .
> //×ÊÔ´foot:WomanÊÇfoo:HumanµÄ×ÓÀ࣬ÊǸö±¾Ìå
>
> foo:isMotherOf rdf:type rdf:Property foo:graph1 .
> // ×ÊÔ´foo:isMotherOfµÄÀàÐÍÊÇÊôÐÔ£¬ÊǸö±¾Ìå
> foo:isMotherOf rdfs:domain foo:Woman foo:graph1 .
> // ×ÊÔ´foo:isMotherOfµÄ×÷ÓÃÓòΪfoo:Woman£¬ÊǸö±¾Ìå
> foo:isMotherOf rdfs:range foo:Human foo:graph1 .
> // ×ÊÔ´foo:isMotherOfµÄ·¶Î§ÊÇfoo:Human£¬ÊǸö±¾Ìå
>
> foo:Mary rdf:type foo:Woman foo:graph2 .
> ×ÊÔ´MaryµÄÀàÐÍΪfoo:Woman,ÊÇÒ»¸ö»ù´¡ÊµÀý
> foo:Mary foo:isMotherOf foo:Carl foo:graph2 .
> ×ÊÔ´MaryºÍ×ÊÔ´foo:CarlÊÇfoo:isMotherOfµÄ¹Øϵ£¬ÊÇÒ»¸ö»ù´¡ÊµÀý
> µ«ÊÇ£¬ÉÏÊöÀý×Ó²»ÄÜÕ¹ÏÖʵÌåºÍ±¾ÌåµÄËùÓÐÇø±ð
>
> NAO ¡ª Nepomuk ±ê×¢±¾Ìå
>
> ÄãÔÚKDEÒѾ­Óöµ½¹ýµÄÓÉNAO¶¨ÒåµÄ×ÊÔ´ÀàÐͺÍÊôÐÔÊÇ£ºnao:Tag »ò nao:rating ¡£ÆäʵNAOÒ²¶¨ÒåÁË nao:created
> ÊôÐÔ£¬ËüΪ×ÊÔ´ £¨ÔÚÏÂÃæµÄÀý×ÓÀïÊÇÒ»¸ögraph£©·ÖÅäÒ»¸ö xls:dateTime ÀàÐÍÊý¾Ý¡£
> µ±Ò»Ð©ÐÅÏ¢±»¼ÓÈëµ½Nepomuk¿âʱ£¬ÎÒÃÇÓÃÕâ¸ö·½·¨´æ´¢Ïà¹ØÐÅÏ¢¡£
>
> foo:graph1 nao:created
> "2008-02-12T14:43.022Z"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime>
>
> NIE ¡ª Nepomuk ÐÅÏ¢ÔªËر¾Ìå
>
> NIE ±¾ÌåÃèÊö×ÀÃæ×ÊÔ´ÎļþÏñÎļþ£¬Îļþ¼Ð£¬µç×ÓÓʼþ£¬ÁªÏµÈË£¬¼´Ê±ÏûÏ¢µÈµÈ£¬ËüÔÚÎļþË÷ÒýϵͳÖîÈç Strigi »òÕß
> trackerÖÐÓÃÓÚÃèÊöÌáÈ¡µÄÔªÊý¾Ý¡£
> * NFO - The Nepomuk File Ontology ÃèÊöÎļþµÄÔªÊý¾Ý
> * NCO - The Nepomuk Contact Ontology ÃèÊöµØÖ·²¾ÌõÄ¿
> * NMO - The Nepomuk Message Ontology ÃèÊö¸÷ÖÖÏûÏ¢°üÀ¨µç×ÓÓʼþºÍ¼´Ê±Í¨Ñ¶ÏûÏ¢
> * NCAL - The Nepomuk Calendar Ontology ÃèÊöÁªÏµÈËÌõÄ¿
> * NEXIF - The Nepomuk Exif Ontology ÃèÊöͼÏñµÄÔªÊý¾Ý
> * NID3 - The Nepomuk ID3 Ontology ÃèÊöÒôƵµÄÔªÊý¾Ý
>
> Xesam - ×ÀÃæÎļþÔªÊý¾Ý±¾Ìå Òò²ÉÓÃNIE¶ø¹ýʱ
>
> XesamÊÇÒ»¸öÓ¦ÓÃÓÚstrigi
> Ë÷Òý×ÀÃæÎļþ¶ø¿ª·¢³öÀ´µÄ±¾Ì壬ËüÊÔͼ¶Ô×ÀÃæÓ¦ÓõĴó¶àÊýÎļþÀàÐÍÔªÊý¾Ý¶¨ÒåÀà/ÀàÐͺÍÊôÐÔ¡£¼òµ¥µÄÀý×ÓÈçid3±êÇ©»òͼÏñ´óС£¬»òÈç·¢ÐÅÈ˺ÍÊÕÐÅÈεȵç×ÓÓʼþÊý¾Ý£¬ÔÚKDE×ÀÃæϵͳÉÏstrigi¶ÔÎļþÔªÊý¾ÝµÄ¼ìË÷½á¹ûʹÓÃXesam¶¨ÒåµÄÀàºÍÊôÐÔµÈÊý¾Ý±£´æÔÚNepomukÊý¾Ý²Ö¿âÄÚ¡£
>
>
> SPARQL ¡ª RDF ²éѯÓïÑÔ
>
> ÎÒÃÇÓÃSPARQL ²éѯRDF Êý¾Ý¿â£¬ËüµÄÓï¾ä¸ñʽ±»Éè¼Æ³É½üËÆSQL£¬µ«ÒòΪËüÆù½ñΪֹʮ·ÖÄêÇᣬËùÒÔ»¹²»ÊǺÜÇ¿´ó¡£
> ¾¡¹ÜÕâÑù£¬ËÑË÷¡°the mother of carl¡±ÕâÑù¼òµ¥µÄ²éѯ´óÖÂÈçÏ£º
>
> prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
> prefix foo: <http://foo.bar/types#>
>
> select ?r where {?r foo:isMotherOf foo:Carl . }
>
> »òÕßÈç¹û²ÉÓÃNRL
> prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
> prefix foo: <http://foo.bar/types#>
> prefix nrl: <http://semanticdesktop.org/ontologies/2007/08/15/nrl#>
>
> select ?r where { graph ?g {?r foo:isMotherOf foo:Carl . } .?g rdf:type
> nrl:InstanceBase . }
>
> SPARQL quick reference.ÊÇÒ»·Ý·Ç³£ÓмÛÖµµÄÎĵµ
>
> ÆäËû±¾Ìå/¶¨ÖƱ¾Ìå
>
>
> ÕâÀïËù˵µÄ±¾ÌåÊÇNepomukÊý¾ÝµÄ»ù±¾ÐÎʽ£¬µ«ËûÃDz»ÄÜÂú×ã¸÷·½ÃæµÄÐèÇó£¬Èç¹ûÄãÏëÔÚNepomukÖд洢Äã×Ô¼ºµÄÊý¾Ý²¢ÇÒºÍÆäËûÐÅÏ¢ÁªÏµÆðÀ´£¬½¨Òé°´ÕÕÒÔϹý³ÌÀ´×ö£º
>
> * ÔÚhttp://www.semanticdesktop.org/ontologies/.Öмì²éÏÖÓеıê×¼±¾ÌåÖÐÊÇ·ñÌṩÄãËùÐèÒª£¨»ò²¿·ÖÐèÒª£©µÄÀàºÍÊôÐÔ£¬Õâ¸öÍøÖ·ÖÐÓкܶà±ê×¼±¾Ì壬°üÀ¨
> NRL ºÍ NAO
>
> * Èç¹ûûÓУ¬ÁªÏµ The Oscaf projectÖÐÓëÄãÐèÒª»ñµÃµÄ°ïÖúÏà¹ØµÄÌÖÂÛ×éºÍ¿ª·¢×é
>
> * Èç¹ûÄãµÄÐèÇó»¹²»Äܵõ½½â¾ö£¬ÄǾͿªÊ¼¿ª·¢Äã×Ô¼ºµÄ±¾Ì壬¿ÉÄܵĻ°½¨Ò齫Æä×÷ΪOscaf±ê×¼±¾Ìå¡£
>
>
>
> --
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>
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