[games/knights] doc: Add screenshot tags and code cleanup (more readable)
Antoni Bella Pérez
null at kde.org
Wed Oct 13 16:25:36 BST 2021
Git commit 7e6054aaeadeb31458b5dd887308d478c6c3c8aa by Antoni Bella Pérez.
Committed on 13/10/2021 at 15:22.
Pushed by bellaperez into branch 'master'.
Add screenshot tags and code cleanup (more readable)
M +601 -543 doc/index.docbook
https://invent.kde.org/games/knights/commit/7e6054aaeadeb31458b5dd887308d478c6c3c8aa
diff --git a/doc/index.docbook b/doc/index.docbook
index 59c1243..a83cb55 100644
--- a/doc/index.docbook
+++ b/doc/index.docbook
@@ -49,100 +49,95 @@
<chapter id="introduction">
<title>Introduction</title>
+
<note>
<title>Gametype:</title>
<para>Board</para>
</note>
+
<note>
<title>Number of possible players:</title>
<para>One or two</para>
</note>
- <para>
- &i18n-knights; is a chess game. As a player, your goal is to
- defeat your opponent by checkmating their king.
- </para>
+ <para>&i18n-knights; is a chess game. As a player, your goal is to
+ defeat your opponent by checkmating their king.</para>
</chapter>
<chapter id="how-to-play"><title>How to play</title> <!-- do not change this! -->
<!--Describe the objective of the game.-->
<sect1 id="objective">
<title>Objective</title>
+
<para>Moving your pieces, capture your opponent's pieces until your opponent's king is under attack and they have no move to stop the attack - called <quote>checkmate</quote>.</para>
- <para>If it appears you cannot win, you can play for a draw (tie). Move your pieces until you have no legal moves left and your king is not under attack - called <quote>stalemate</quote>.
- Other forms of draws can be available depending upon the chess rules being followed for the game.</para>
+
+ <para>If it appears you cannot win, you can play for a draw (tie). Move your pieces until you have no legal moves left and your king is not under attack - called <quote>stalemate</quote>. Other forms of draws can be available depending upon the chess rules being followed for the game.</para>
</sect1>
<!--How to play description. Don't be to specific on rules as they have a separate section in this document-->
<sect1 id="starting-the-game">
<title>Starting the Game</title>
- <para>
- When the program starts or the user selects the <menuchoice><shortcut>
- <keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>N</keycap></keycombo> </shortcut>
- <guimenu>Game</guimenu> <guimenuitem>New</guimenuitem></menuchoice> menu item,
- a dialog is shown. In this dialog, it's possible to
- specify who you are playing against, your color and
- the time limits.
- </para>
- <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-newgame-dialog.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
- <para>
- If you wish to play against a friend on the same computer, select
- <guilabel>Human (You)</guilabel> for <guilabel>Player 1</guilabel>
- and <guilabel>Human</guilabel> for <guilabel>Player 2</guilabel>.
- </para>
- <para>
- If you wish to play against the computer, select
- <guilabel>Human (You)</guilabel> for <guilabel>Player 1</guilabel> and
- <guilabel>Computer engine:</guilabel> for <guilabel>Player 2</guilabel>.
- From this drop down list choose the program you would like to play against, and
- make sure that the program you specify is installed on your
- computer and that it supports either the XBoard or <acronym>UCI</acronym> protocols.
- </para>
- <para>
- If you have installed a chess engine but it does not appear in the list,
- click the <guibutton>Configure...</guibutton> button and add the engine
- there. For more information on this dialog see <link linkend="configuration-engines">Computer Engines</link>.
- </para>
- <note><para>
- Even though a program is listed in the dialog, it does not mean it is installed.
- Make sure you install whatever chess engine you wish to play against.
- You can check whether an engine is installed on your system or not in the
- <guilabel>Chess Engines</guilabel> dialog.
- </para></note>
- <para>
- If you wish to play against someone over the Internet,
- select <guilabel>Human (You)</guilabel> for <guilabel>Player 1</guilabel> and
- <guilabel>Chess server:</guilabel> for <guilabel>Player 2</guilabel>.
- You will have to login into the server and find
- an opponent before you can start playing.
- The Free Internet Chess Server
- (<ulink url="https://www.freechess.org/">FreeChess.org</ulink>)
- supports guests, but you have to register in order to
- play games which affect your rating.
- </para>
- <para>
- You can also watch two programs play against each other, by selecting
- <guilabel>Computer engine:</guilabel> for both players.
- </para>
- <para>
- Similarly, you can play a computer engine against an opponent at a chess server.
- However, note that the chess server may have a policy regarding such play. For the Free
- Internet Chess Server it is located
- <ulink url="https://www.freechess.org/Help/HelpFiles/computers.html">here</ulink>.
- </para>
- <para>
- The <guilabel>Use time control</guilabel> check box allows you to turn on an optional
- timer. &i18n-knights; uses the standard chess time control which has three parameters
- inside spinboxes:
- </para>
+
+ <para>When the program starts or the user selects the <menuchoice><shortcut>
+ <keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>N</keycap></keycombo> </shortcut>
+ <guimenu>Game</guimenu> <guimenuitem>New</guimenuitem></menuchoice> menu item,
+ a dialog is shown. In this dialog, it's possible to
+ specify who you are playing against, your color and
+ the time limits.</para>
+
+ <screenshot>
+ <screeninfo>New Game dialog</screeninfo>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-newgame-dialog.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject>
+ <caption>New Game dialog</caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>If you wish to play against a friend on the same computer, select
+ <guilabel>Human (You)</guilabel> for <guilabel>Player 1</guilabel>
+ and <guilabel>Human</guilabel> for <guilabel>Player 2</guilabel>.</para>
+
+ <para>If you wish to play against the computer, select
+ <guilabel>Human (You)</guilabel> for <guilabel>Player 1</guilabel> and
+ <guilabel>Computer engine:</guilabel> for <guilabel>Player 2</guilabel>.
+ From this drop down list choose the program you would like to play against, and
+ make sure that the program you specify is installed on your
+ computer and that it supports either the XBoard or <acronym>UCI</acronym> protocols.</para>
+
+ <para>If you have installed a chess engine but it does not appear in the list,
+ click the <guibutton>Configure...</guibutton> button and add the engine there.
+ For more information on this dialog see <link linkend="configuration-engines">Computer Engines</link>.</para>
+
+ <note><para>Even though a program is listed in the dialog, it does not mean it
+ is installed. Make sure you install whatever chess engine you wish to play against.
+ You can check whether an engine is installed on your system or not in the
+ <guilabel>Chess Engines</guilabel> dialog.</para></note>
+
+ <para>If you wish to play against someone over the Internet, select
+ <guilabel>Human (You)</guilabel> for <guilabel>Player 1</guilabel> and
+ <guilabel>Chess server:</guilabel> for <guilabel>Player 2</guilabel>. You will
+ have to login into the server and find an opponent before you can start playing.
+ The Free Internet Chess Server (<ulink url="https://www.freechess.org/">FreeChess.org</ulink>)
+ supports guests, but you have to register in order to play games which affect
+ your rating.</para>
+
+ <para>You can also watch two programs play against each other, by selecting
+ <guilabel>Computer engine:</guilabel> for both players.</para>
+
+ <para>Similarly, you can play a computer engine against an opponent at a chess server.
+ However, note that the chess server may have a policy regarding such play. For the Free
+ Internet Chess Server it is located
+ <ulink url="https://www.freechess.org/Help/HelpFiles/computers.html">here</ulink>.</para>
+
+ <para>The <guilabel>Use time control</guilabel> check box allows you to turn on an
+ optional timer. &i18n-knights; uses the standard chess time control which has three
+ parameters inside spinboxes:</para>
+
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para><guilabel>Time control period:</guilabel> specifies the number of moves
after which the <guilabel>Initial time limit:</guilabel> is added to the player's clock.
you can disable this addition by setting the value to zero.</para>
- <note><para>
- This option is not available when playing on a chess server.
- </para></note>
- <para/></listitem>
+ <note><para>This option is not available when playing on a chess server.</para></note><para/></listitem>
<listitem><para>The <guilabel>Initial time limit:</guilabel> is the amount of time the
players start with.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para><guilabel>Increment per move:</guilabel> specifies how much time will be
@@ -150,507 +145,572 @@
disable incrementing the clock.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
- <para>
- After you press the <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button, the dialog will close.
- If you selected a player at a chess server, you will have to log in and find your opponent.
- Otherwise, the game will start immediately.
- </para>
- <note><para>
- &i18n-knights; will load a default theme automatically once
- you start the game and you can begin playing right away.
- </para></note>
+ <para>After you press the <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button, the dialog will close. If you
+ selected a player at a chess server, you will have to log in and find your opponent.
+ Otherwise, the game will start immediately.</para>
+
+ <note><para>&i18n-knights; will load a default theme automatically once you start the game
+ and you can begin playing right away.</para></note>
</sect1>
-
+
<sect1 id="server-dialog">
<title>The Chess Server Dialog</title>
- <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-server-account.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
- <para>
- If you chose to play on a chess server, you must first log in to the server.
- If you have an account at the server, type in your username and password, and
- select the <guilabel>This is a registered account</guilabel> check box.
- Otherwise, type in a username of your choice, and press the <guibutton>Log in</guibutton> button.
- </para>
- <para>
- There are two ways to choose the opponent. Either you post an ad for your game
- (called a <quote>seek</quote>), or you respond to someone else's seek.
- </para>
- <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-server-challenges.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
- <para>
- To post your own, go to the <guilabel>Challenges</guilabel> tab and press
- <guibutton>Seek</guibutton> button. If you checked
- <guilabel>Automatically start the game</guilabel>, once a player has accepted
- your seek, the game will start immediately.
- Otherwise, you have to accept the challenge manually,
- by selecting it from the list and press <guibutton>Accept</guibutton> button.
- </para>
- <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-server-list.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
- <para>
- To respond to other people's seeks, use the <guilabel>Seek List</guilabel>
- or <guilabel>Seek Graph</guilabel> tabs. On either tab, select the seek by clicking on it
- and then pressing the <guibutton>Accept</guibutton> button.
- </para>
- <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-server-graph.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
- <para>
- The seek graph displays all currently posted seeks, arranged by opponent's rating
- and game duration. Clicking on a point on the graph accepts the seek.
- </para>
- <note><para>
- For advanced usage, &i18n-knights; provides direct access to the server console.
- Select the <guilabel>Console</guilabel> tab to use it.
- </para></note>
+
+ <screenshot>
+ <screeninfo>Chess Server dialog</screeninfo>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-server-account.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject>
+ <caption>Account tab</caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>If you chose to play on a chess server, you must first log in to the server.
+ If you have an account at the server, type in your username and password, and
+ select the <guilabel>This is a registered account</guilabel> check box. Otherwise,
+ type in a username of your choice, and press the <guibutton>Log in</guibutton> button.</para>
+
+ <para>There are two ways to choose the opponent. Either you post an ad for your game
+ (called a <quote>seek</quote>), or you respond to someone else's seek.</para>
+
+ <screenshot>
+ <screeninfo>Chess Server dialog</screeninfo>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-server-challenges.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject>
+ <caption>Challenges tab</caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>To post your own, go to the <guilabel>Challenges</guilabel> tab and press
+ <guibutton>Seek</guibutton> button. If you checked <guilabel>Automatically start the game</guilabel>,
+ once a player has accepted your seek, the game will start immediately. Otherwise, you
+ have to accept the challenge manually, by selecting it from the list and press
+ <guibutton>Accept</guibutton> button.</para>
+
+ <screenshot>
+ <screeninfo>Chess Server dialog</screeninfo>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-server-list.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject>
+ <caption>Seek List tab</caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>To respond to other people's seeks, use the <guilabel>Seek List</guilabel> or
+ <guilabel>Seek Graph</guilabel> tabs. On either tab, select the seek by clicking on it
+ and then pressing the <guibutton>Accept</guibutton> button.</para>
+
+ <screenshot>
+ <screeninfo>Chess Server dialog</screeninfo>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-server-graph.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject>
+ <caption>Seek Graph tab</caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>The seek graph displays all currently posted seeks, arranged by opponent's rating
+ and game duration. Clicking on a point on the graph accepts the seek.</para>
+
+ <note><para>For advanced usage, &i18n-knights; provides direct access to the server console.
+ Select the <guilabel>Console</guilabel> tab to use it.</para></note>
</sect1>
-
+
<sect1 id="playing-the-game">
<title>Playing the Game</title>
- <para>
- Pieces are moved by clicking on them and dragging them to
- the desired spot. You can only move a piece if it's yours,
- it's your turn, and moving that piece does not put
- your king into immediate danger.
- </para>
- <para>
- &i18n-knights; follows the rules of standard chess, so you cannot make an illegal move.
- </para>
+
+ <para>Pieces are moved by clicking on them and dragging them to the desired spot.
+ You can only move a piece if it's yours, it's your turn, and moving that piece
+ does not put your king into immediate danger.</para>
+
+ <para>&i18n-knights; follows the rules of standard chess, so you cannot make an illegal move.</para>
</sect1>
</chapter>
-
+
<chapter id="rules_and_tips">
<title>Game Rules, Strategies and Tips</title> <!-- do not change this! -->
<!--This section has to do with game rules. Please give a detailed description of those using lists or paragraphs.-->
- <sect1 id="standard-rules">
- <title>Standard Rules</title>
- <para>The main set of rules for chess are set by the World Chess Federation - FIDE. Other national and local groups
- may make slight modifications to the rules. Usually the major differences between rules are about timekeeping or types of
- draws allowed - the basic game and piece movement are the same. &i18n-knights; supports standard chess and has some timing flexibility.</para>
- <para>There are many variants to standard chess. One source has found over 2000 different variants of the game. Major
- variants include Fischer Random, Bughouse, Crazyhouse and Suicide. Variants have differing rules on piece capture, piece
- movement, ending the game and returning pieces to play. &i18n-knights; does not support chess variants.</para>
- <para>Complete rules of standard chess can be found at:</para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>World Chess Federation-FIDE (<ulink url="https://www.fide.com/">fide.com</ulink>)</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>United States Chess Federation-USCF (<ulink url="https://new.uschess.org/">new.uschess.org</ulink>)</para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- <para>Rules and general chess information can be found at:</para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para><ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rules_of_chess">Wikipedia</ulink> </para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="board">
- <title>Chessboard</title>
- <sect2 id="board-layout">
- <title>Board Layout</title>
- <para>A chessboard consists of 64 equal squares arranged in eight rows and eight columns. The squares are arranged in
- two alternating colors, white and black. Many different materials are used to make chessboards, so the lighter
- colored material is known as white and the darker material is known as black.</para>
- <para>Parts of the board are known by special names:</para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>Rank - the eight horizontal rows of the chess board are called ranks.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>File - the eight vertical columns of the chess board are called files.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Diagonal - a straight line of squares of the same color running at an angle from
- one edge of the board to another edge is called a diagonal.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Center - the four squares found in the middle of the board are called the center.</para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- <para>Each individual square has a name so records of the moves of the game can be kept. Several naming systems exist,
- but <quote>algebraic notation</quote> is the most popular and is the official system. In this system, each square is
- named for the row and column in which it is found. The ranks (rows) are numbered from 1 to 8 beginning with white's
- side of the board and moving to black's side of the board. The files (columns) are labeled by lower case letters from
- a to h moving from left to right based on the white player's viewpoint. The square is named by the letter followed by
- the number. Thus the lower left hand square is known as a1. The naming structure can be seen in the following
- diagram:</para>
- <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-board.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="board-setup">
- <title>Initial Setup</title>
- <para>The chessboard is rotated so that there is a white square in the first row at the player's right side.</para>
- <para>The pieces are placed on the white and black side of the board in the same manner. In the first row beginning
- at both outer edges and moving inward, place the rook (sometimes called the castle), the knight (sometimes called
- the horse) and the bishop. For the two remaining squares, place the queen on the square with the same color. Place
- the king on the final square. When completed, the same pieces face each other across the board. On the second row
- place a row of pawns. The finished board then looks like the diagram below.</para>
- <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-board-setup.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="piece-movement">
- <title>Piece Movement</title>
- <sect2 id="all-movement">
- <title>Moving and Capturing</title>
- <para>Chess has six types of pieces: the Pawn, Rook, Knight, Bishop, Queen and King. Each piece has its own
- unique way to move. There are some similarities between the moves of the various pieces. All the pieces
- except the knight move in a straight line - horizontally, vertically or diagonally. They cannot move past the
- end of the board and return on the other side. The edge of the board is a boundary which cannot be crossed.
- All the pieces except the knight may not jump over other pieces - all squares between the square where the piece
- starts its move and where it ends its move must be empty. The move may not end on a square presently occupied
- by a piece of the same color.</para>
-
- <para>If the square where a piece ends its move contains an opponent's piece, the opponent's piece is <quote>captured</quote>,
- and it is removed from play. All the pieces may be captured except the king. The game ends on the move before the
- king is captured - <quote><link linkend="checkmate">checkmate</link></quote>. Capturing always requires the attacking piece
- to land on the square of the opponent's piece while making a normal move. The only exception is for capturing a pawn
- <link linkend="en_passant-movement">en passant</link>. You are not required to capture a piece when there is an opportunity
- to do so, capturing is an option. The only time that capture is required is if the king is under attack and capturing the
- attacking piece is the only way to stop the attack.</para>
-
- <para>In the picture below, the white rook can move to the right, left, up or down (vertically or horizontally) in straight lines.
- It can move down and to the right any number of squares until the end of the board is reached. These squares have a green
- X on them. It can move a maximum of two squares to the left. The remainder of the board is blocked by a piece of the same
- color, in this case a white knight. The rook cannot jump over the knight to reach the end of the board. It can move only one square
- up before being blocked by the black pawn. It can capture the pawn by moving two squares up and landing on the pawn, since the
- pawn is an opposing piece (piece of a different color). This square has a red X on it. It cannot jump over the pawn to reach
- the end of the board. Therefore, the rook has a total of ten squares where it can go.</para>
-
- <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-move-limits.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
-
- <para>To begin the game, white moves first. The players then alternate making one move at a time. You must move on your turn, you are not allowed to pass.</para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="pawn-movement">
- <title>Pawn</title>
- <para>The pawn is the most numerous and the least powerful piece on the chessboard. Pawns are unusual in their movement. Generally
- the pawn moves forward only, one square at a time. An exception is the first time a pawn is moved, it may move forward two squares.
- The pawn cannot jump over other pieces; any piece directly in front of a pawn blocks its advance to that square. The pawn is the
- only piece that cannot move backward. The pawn is also the only piece that does not capture in the same way that it moves. The
- pawn captures an opposing piece by moving diagonally one square - it cannot capture by moving straight ahead.</para>
-
- <para>In the picture below the lower pawn is still on its original square, so it may move one or two squares forward (indicated
- by the green X). It may capture by moving to the right or left at a diagonal, but only if that square is occupied by an opposing
- piece (indicated by the red X). Otherwise, it may not move diagonally. The upper pawn has already moved from its original square.
- It may move only one square forward. Likewise, it can capture moving to the left or right diagonally if the square contains an
- opposing piece.</para>
- <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-move-pawn.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
-
- <para>The pawn also is involved in two special moves. The first is the <link linkend="en_passant-movement">en passant capture</link>
- where a pawn is captured on its initial two square move. The second is the <link linkend="pawn-promotion-movement">pawn promotion</link>
- where a pawn is promoted to another piece when the pawn reaches the other end of the board.</para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="bishop-movement">
- <title>Bishop</title>
- <para>The Bishop moves in a straight line diagonally on the board. It can move as many squares as wanted, until it meets the end of
- the board or another piece. The bishop cannot jump over other pieces. The bishop captures on the same path it moves, by landing
- on the square of the opposing piece. Because of the way the bishop moves, the piece always remains on the same color squares it
- started on. Each player begins with two bishops, one on the black-colored and one on the white-colored squares. They are frequently
- referred to as the <quote>dark-squared</quote> bishop and <quote>light-squared</quote> bishop. The bishops can also be named according
- to the side they begin on - king's bishop and queen's bishop.</para>
- <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-move-bishop.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="rook-movement">
- <title>Rook</title>
- <para>The rook moves in a straight line either horizontally or vertically through any number of unoccupied squares, until it reaches
- the end of board or it is blocked by another piece. It cannot jump over other pieces. The rook captures on the same path
- it moves, by occupying the square on which an enemy piece stands. The rook can land on any square on the board, therefore it
- is one of the more powerful pieces on the board.</para>
- <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-move-rook.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
- <para>The rook is also involved in a special move. It is the <link linkend="castling-movement">castling move</link>
- where a rook and the king are grouped into a defensive position.</para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="knight-movement">
- <title>Knight</title>
- <para>The Knight is the most special piece in chess, having a flexibility that makes it a powerful piece. The knight is the
- only piece on the board that may jump over other pieces. The knight moves two squares horizontally or vertically and
- then one more square at a right-angle. The knight’s move is shaped as an <quote>L</quote>. The knight always lands on a square
- opposite in color from its initial square. The knight can jump over pieces of either color while going to its
- destination square, but it does not capture any pieces it jumps over. The knight captures by landing on the square
- of the opposing piece. The knight cannot land on a square occupied by a piece of the same color. Since the knight's
- movement is not in a straight line, it can attack a queen, bishop, or rook without being reciprocally attacked by that
- piece.</para>
- <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-move-knight.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="queen-movement">
- <title>Queen</title>
- <para>The Queen is considered the most powerful piece on the board. It can move any number of squares in a straight
- line - either vertically, horizontally or diagonally. The queen moves like the rook and bishop combined. Unless
- capturing, the queen must move to an unoccupied square; and it cannot jump over pieces. The queen captures on the
- same path it moves, by landing on the square of the opposing piece.</para>
- <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-move-queen.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="king-movement">
- <title>King</title>
- <para>The King is the most important piece in chess. If the king is trapped so that its capture is unavoidable, the game is
- over and that player loses. The king has little mobility, so it is also considered one of the weakest pieces in the game.
- The king can move to any adjacent square. That is, it can move one square in any direction: horizontally, vertically, or
- diagonally. It cannot move onto a square occupied by a piece of the same color. The king captures another piece in
- the same way it moves, by landing on the square of the opposing piece. There is an additional limit on the movement of
- the king. The king may not move to a square which would put the king under attack by an opposing piece (called in <quote>check</quote>).
- As a result of this limit, two kings may never stand next to each other - since moving next to the opposing king would
- put the moving king into check. The king can also be forced to move or capture if the king is under attack
- (<quote>check</quote>) and the only way to stop the attack is to move the king.</para>
- <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-move-king.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="special-movement">
- <title>Special Moves</title>
- <sect2 id="en_passant-movement">
- <title>En Passant</title>
- <para>When the rule to allow a pawn to move two squares on its first move was added, a pawn could potentially evade capture by an
- opponent's pawn by going past a square under attack. The en passant capture (from the French for <quote>in passing</quote>) was
- added to prevent this. The capture is made exactly as if the pawn had moved only one square forward. There are
- special conditions for the en passant capture:</para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>A pawn must move two squares from its initial position in a single move.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>An opposing pawn must be attacking the square the first pawn moved over.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>The first pawn can be captured as if it moved only one square.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>The capture can only be made at the opponent's next move. If the capture is not made,
- the first pawn is safe from en passant capture for the remainder of the game.</para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- <para>In the diagram below, the white pawn has not moved from its initial position. Its first move can be
- one or two squares ahead. The first square is under attack by the black pawn (pawns attack diagonally) as
- indicated by the red X. The white pawn moves ahead two squares, avoiding the attack. On the next move,
- the black pawn moves into the square where the white pawn would have moved if it could only move a single
- square on the first move. The black pawn successfully attacks the white pawn, and captures it
- <quote>en passant</quote>. The white pawn is removed from play.</para>
- <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-enpassant.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="castling-movement">
- <title>Castling</title>
- <para>Castling uses the king and one rook, and is the only time in a game when more than one piece may be moved
- during a single turn. In castling a king is moved two squares towards the rook and the rook is then moved to
- the square on the other side of the king.</para>
-
- <para>Castling has some rigid requirements:</para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>Both the king and the rook may never have moved during the game.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>There are no pieces between the king and the rook.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>The king is not in check.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>The king does not cross over a square that is attacked by the opponent's pieces.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>The king does not end the move on a square that is attacked by the opponent's pieces. (The
- castling move cannot end with the king in check.)</para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
-
- <para>There are two forms of castling. One is called <quote>kingside castling</quote>. It is also known as
- <quote>short castling</quote>, since it is performed to the short side of the board and the rook only has to
- move two squares to the opposite side of the king. It is diagramed below:</para>
- <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-castle-kingside.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
-
- <para>The second form of castling is called <quote>queenside castling</quote>, where the king moves towards the
- square vacated by the queen. It is also known as <quote>long castling</quote>, since it is performed to the long
- side of the board and the rook has to move three squares to the opposite side of the king. It is diagramed below:</para>
- <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-castle-queenside.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
-
- <note><para>
- In &i18n-knights; to castle you move the king two squares towards the rook. &i18n-knights; will complete
- the castling move. Do not move the rook, as &i18n-knights; assumes you wish only to move the rook and
- not to castle.
- </para></note>
-
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="pawn-promotion-movement">
- <title>Pawn Promotion</title>
- <para>When a pawn has reached the other end of the board it cannot move further, since
- it always must move forward and not backwards. The pawn is then turned
- (<quote>promoted</quote>) into a queen, rook, bishop or knight. This promotion
- occurs as part of the move. Usually the piece chosen is the queen, often called
- <quote>queening</quote>. The other pieces are sometimes chosen when their movements
- will aid in checkmate, often called <quote>under promoting</quote>. The pawn can be
- turned into a piece even if that type of piece is still on the board. Thus you can have
- two queens or three rooks, bishops or knights in play at once.</para>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="game-end">
- <title>Game Endings</title>
- <sect2 id="checkmate">
- <title>Checkmate</title>
- <para>When a king is under attack and threatened with capture by an opponent's piece, the king is
- said to be <quote>in check</quote>. A king must get out of check immediately. There are three possible
- ways to get out of check.</para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>Capture the attacking piece.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Move the king away from the attack and to a safe square which is not under attack by
- an opponent's piece.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Block the attack by placing a piece between the attacker and the king.
- (Cannot be done for an attack by a knight or pawn.)</para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
-
- <para>
- If the king has no way to escape from the check, the position is called <quote>checkmate</quote> and
- the game ends. The player who is checkmated loses the game. The king is never actually captured
- and removed from the board.</para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="resign">
- <title>Resign</title>
- <para>At any time during the game, a player may resign (quit). The
- game ends and the player's opponent wins the game.</para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="draw">
- <title>Draw</title>
- <para>A <quote>draw</quote> is a tie between the players. There are several ways that a
- draw can occur.</para>
+ <sect1 id="standard-rules">
+ <title>Standard Rules</title>
+
+ <para>The main set of rules for chess are set by the World Chess Federation - FIDE. Other national and local groups
+ may make slight modifications to the rules. Usually the major differences between rules are about timekeeping or types of
+ draws allowed - the basic game and piece movement are the same. &i18n-knights; supports standard chess and has some timing
+ flexibility.</para>
+
+ <para>There are many variants to standard chess. One source has found over 2000 different variants of the game. Major
+ variants include Fischer Random, Bughouse, Crazyhouse and Suicide. Variants have differing rules on piece capture, piece
+ movement, ending the game and returning pieces to play. &i18n-knights; does not support chess variants.</para>
+ <para>Complete rules of standard chess can be found at:</para>
+
<itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>Stalemate - (see below)</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Threefold repetition - If the exact same position is repeated at least 3 times
- (not necessarily by a repetition of moves). It requires that the possible moves of all
- the pieces of both players are the same. If the possibility of a pawn being captured
- en passant has changed or the possibility to castle has changed, the position is not
- the same - even if the pieces are in the same locations.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Fifty-move rule - If no piece has been captured or a pawn moved in the last fifty moves
- by each player.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Impossibility of checkmate - If a position arises in which neither player could possibly
- give checkmate by a series of legal moves. Usually this is because there is insufficient material left
- to checkmate, but it is possible in other positions. Combinations with insufficient material to
- checkmate are:</para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>king versus king</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>king and bishop versus king</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>king and knight versus king</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>king and bishop versus king and bishop with both bishops on the same color</para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </listitem>
- <listitem><para>Time expires - If a player's time runs out and their opponent does not have mating material.
- (see below)</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Mutual agreement - If both players agree to draw.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>World Chess Federation-FIDE (<ulink url="https://www.fide.com/">fide.com</ulink>)</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>United States Chess Federation-USCF (<ulink url="https://new.uschess.org/">new.uschess.org</ulink>)</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="stalemate">
- <title>Stalemate</title>
- <para>If a player has no legal move (every possible move would put their king in check) but
- their king is not presently in check, the game ends in a <quote>stalemate</quote>. Stalemate results in
- the game being a draw.</para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="time-end">
- <title>Time</title>
- <para>If time should run out on a player before they complete the
- required number of moves:</para>
+
+ <para>Rules and general chess information can be found at:</para>
+
<itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>The player loses the game if the opponent has mating material.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>The game is a draw if the opponent does not having mating material.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rules_of_chess">Wikipedia</ulink> </para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
- <para>Mating material is considered to be any group of pieces except just a king, a king and a bishop,
- or a king and a knight.</para>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="time-controls">
- <title>Time Controls</title>
- <para>Many games of chess use time controls to speed the play or ensure a finish in a reasonable period.
- There are two main forms of time controls.</para>
-
- <para>The first time control type is moves-per-time. In this type a player must complete a specified
- number of moves within a fixed period of time.</para>
-
- <para>The second time control type is called <quote>sudden death</quote>. In this type there
- is a fixed amount of time to complete the game, regardless of the number of moves made.</para>
-
- <para>Within the time control there can be a time delay to compensate for the time lost in physically
- making a move. In the <quote>Bronstein delay</quote> the clock does not start running at the beginning
- of the player's move until the delay time is over. If the move is completed before the delay time expires,
- no time is subtracted from the player's clock. In the <quote>Fischer delay</quote> the delay time is added
- to the player's remaining time before the move. If the move is made before the delay time expires,
- the remaining delay time is kept by the player and their clock time increases. Similarly, a fixed time can
- be added to the player's clock after a move is completed. When time is added to the clock, the time amount is
- referred to as the <quote>time increment</quote>.</para>
-
- <para>Time controls vary widely depending upon the game, game type and any sponsor. Also during a game there
- may be several types of time controls joined together, with unused time added to the next time control. For
- all major World Chess Federation (FIDE) events the time control is 90 minutes for the first 40 moves followed
- by 30 minutes sudden death, with an additional 30 seconds per move beginning with the first move. The defaults
- on FICS (Free Internet Chess Server) are 2 minutes for the game (sudden death), plus 12 seconds time increment
- for each move. Many major events use 90 minutes sudden death for their time control. The US Chess Federation
- Blitz chess time control is 5 minutes for the game, with no time delays/increments.</para>
- </sect1>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="board">
+ <title>Chessboard</title>
+ <sect2 id="board-layout">
+ <title>Board Layout</title>
+
+ <para>A chessboard consists of 64 equal squares arranged in eight rows and eight columns. The squares are arranged in
+ two alternating colors, white and black. Many different materials are used to make chessboards, so the lighter
+ colored material is known as white and the darker material is known as black.</para>
+
+ <para>Parts of the board are known by special names:</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Rank - the eight horizontal rows of the chess board are called ranks.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>File - the eight vertical columns of the chess board are called files.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Diagonal - a straight line of squares of the same color running at an angle from
+ one edge of the board to another edge is called a diagonal.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Center - the four squares found in the middle of the board are called the center.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>Each individual square has a name so records of the moves of the game can be kept. Several naming systems exist,
+ but <quote>algebraic notation</quote> is the most popular and is the official system. In this system, each square is
+ named for the row and column in which it is found. The ranks (rows) are numbered from 1 to 8 beginning with white's
+ side of the board and moving to black's side of the board. The files (columns) are labeled by lower case letters from
+ a to h moving from left to right based on the white player's viewpoint. The square is named by the letter followed by
+ the number. Thus the lower left hand square is known as a1. The naming structure can be seen in the following
+ diagram:</para>
+
+ <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-board.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="board-setup">
+ <title>Initial Setup</title>
+
+ <para>The chessboard is rotated so that there is a white square in the first row at the player's right side.</para>
+
+ <para>The pieces are placed on the white and black side of the board in the same manner. In the first row beginning
+ at both outer edges and moving inward, place the rook (sometimes called the castle), the knight (sometimes called
+ the horse) and the bishop. For the two remaining squares, place the queen on the square with the same color. Place
+ the king on the final square. When completed, the same pieces face each other across the board. On the second row
+ place a row of pawns. The finished board then looks like the diagram below.</para>
+
+ <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-board-setup.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="piece-movement">
+ <title>Piece Movement</title>
+ <sect2 id="all-movement">
+ <title>Moving and Capturing</title>
+
+ <para>Chess has six types of pieces: the Pawn, Rook, Knight, Bishop, Queen and King. Each piece has its own
+ unique way to move. There are some similarities between the moves of the various pieces. All the pieces
+ except the knight move in a straight line - horizontally, vertically or diagonally. They cannot move past the
+ end of the board and return on the other side. The edge of the board is a boundary which cannot be crossed.
+ All the pieces except the knight may not jump over other pieces - all squares between the square where the piece
+ starts its move and where it ends its move must be empty. The move may not end on a square presently occupied
+ by a piece of the same color.</para>
+
+ <para>If the square where a piece ends its move contains an opponent's piece, the opponent's piece is <quote>captured</quote>,
+ and it is removed from play. All the pieces may be captured except the king. The game ends on the move before the
+ king is captured - <quote><link linkend="checkmate">checkmate</link></quote>. Capturing always requires the attacking piece
+ to land on the square of the opponent's piece while making a normal move. The only exception is for capturing a pawn
+ <link linkend="en_passant-movement">en passant</link>. You are not required to capture a piece when there is an opportunity
+ to do so, capturing is an option. The only time that capture is required is if the king is under attack and capturing the
+ attacking piece is the only way to stop the attack.</para>
+
+ <para>In the picture below, the white rook can move to the right, left, up or down (vertically or horizontally) in straight lines.
+ It can move down and to the right any number of squares until the end of the board is reached. These squares have a green
+ X on them. It can move a maximum of two squares to the left. The remainder of the board is blocked by a piece of the same
+ color, in this case a white knight. The rook cannot jump over the knight to reach the end of the board. It can move only one square
+ up before being blocked by the black pawn. It can capture the pawn by moving two squares up and landing on the pawn, since the
+ pawn is an opposing piece (piece of a different color). This square has a red X on it. It cannot jump over the pawn to reach
+ the end of the board. Therefore, the rook has a total of ten squares where it can go.</para>
+
+ <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-move-limits.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
+
+ <para>To begin the game, white moves first. The players then alternate making one move at a time. You must move on your turn, you are not allowed to pass.</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="pawn-movement">
+ <title>Pawn</title>
+
+ <para>The pawn is the most numerous and the least powerful piece on the chessboard. Pawns are unusual in their movement. Generally
+ the pawn moves forward only, one square at a time. An exception is the first time a pawn is moved, it may move forward two squares.
+ The pawn cannot jump over other pieces; any piece directly in front of a pawn blocks its advance to that square. The pawn is the
+ only piece that cannot move backward. The pawn is also the only piece that does not capture in the same way that it moves. The
+ pawn captures an opposing piece by moving diagonally one square - it cannot capture by moving straight ahead.</para>
+
+ <para>In the picture below the lower pawn is still on its original square, so it may move one or two squares forward (indicated
+ by the green X). It may capture by moving to the right or left at a diagonal, but only if that square is occupied by an opposing
+ piece (indicated by the red X). Otherwise, it may not move diagonally. The upper pawn has already moved from its original square.
+ It may move only one square forward. Likewise, it can capture moving to the left or right diagonally if the square contains an
+ opposing piece.</para>
+
+ <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-move-pawn.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
+
+ <para>The pawn also is involved in two special moves. The first is the <link linkend="en_passant-movement">en passant capture</link>
+ where a pawn is captured on its initial two square move. The second is the <link linkend="pawn-promotion-movement">pawn promotion</link>
+ where a pawn is promoted to another piece when the pawn reaches the other end of the board.</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="bishop-movement">
+ <title>Bishop</title>
+
+ <para>The Bishop moves in a straight line diagonally on the board. It can move as many squares as wanted, until it meets the end of
+ the board or another piece. The bishop cannot jump over other pieces. The bishop captures on the same path it moves, by landing
+ on the square of the opposing piece. Because of the way the bishop moves, the piece always remains on the same color squares it
+ started on. Each player begins with two bishops, one on the black-colored and one on the white-colored squares. They are frequently
+ referred to as the <quote>dark-squared</quote> bishop and <quote>light-squared</quote> bishop. The bishops can also be named according
+ to the side they begin on - king's bishop and queen's bishop.</para>
+
+ <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-move-bishop.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="rook-movement">
+ <title>Rook</title>
+
+ <para>The rook moves in a straight line either horizontally or vertically through any number of unoccupied squares, until it reaches
+ the end of board or it is blocked by another piece. It cannot jump over other pieces. The rook captures on the same path
+ it moves, by occupying the square on which an enemy piece stands. The rook can land on any square on the board, therefore it
+ is one of the more powerful pieces on the board.</para>
+
+ <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-move-rook.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
+
+ <para>The rook is also involved in a special move. It is the <link linkend="castling-movement">castling move</link>
+ where a rook and the king are grouped into a defensive position.</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="knight-movement">
+ <title>Knight</title>
+
+ <para>The Knight is the most special piece in chess, having a flexibility that makes it a powerful piece. The knight is the
+ only piece on the board that may jump over other pieces. The knight moves two squares horizontally or vertically and
+ then one more square at a right-angle. The knight’s move is shaped as an <quote>L</quote>. The knight always lands on a square
+ opposite in color from its initial square. The knight can jump over pieces of either color while going to its
+ destination square, but it does not capture any pieces it jumps over. The knight captures by landing on the square
+ of the opposing piece. The knight cannot land on a square occupied by a piece of the same color. Since the knight's
+ movement is not in a straight line, it can attack a queen, bishop, or rook without being reciprocally attacked by that
+ piece.</para>
+
+ <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-move-knight.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="queen-movement">
+ <title>Queen</title>
+
+ <para>The Queen is considered the most powerful piece on the board. It can move any number of squares in a straight
+ line - either vertically, horizontally or diagonally. The queen moves like the rook and bishop combined. Unless
+ capturing, the queen must move to an unoccupied square; and it cannot jump over pieces. The queen captures on the
+ same path it moves, by landing on the square of the opposing piece.</para>
+
+ <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-move-queen.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="king-movement">
+ <title>King</title>
+
+ <para>The King is the most important piece in chess. If the king is trapped so that its capture is unavoidable, the game is
+ over and that player loses. The king has little mobility, so it is also considered one of the weakest pieces in the game.
+ The king can move to any adjacent square. That is, it can move one square in any direction: horizontally, vertically, or
+ diagonally. It cannot move onto a square occupied by a piece of the same color. The king captures another piece in
+ the same way it moves, by landing on the square of the opposing piece. There is an additional limit on the movement of
+ the king. The king may not move to a square which would put the king under attack by an opposing piece (called in <quote>check</quote>).
+ As a result of this limit, two kings may never stand next to each other - since moving next to the opposing king would
+ put the moving king into check. The king can also be forced to move or capture if the king is under attack
+ (<quote>check</quote>) and the only way to stop the attack is to move the king.</para>
+
+ <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-move-king.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="special-movement">
+ <title>Special Moves</title>
+ <sect2 id="en_passant-movement">
+ <title>En Passant</title>
+
+ <para>When the rule to allow a pawn to move two squares on its first move was added, a pawn could potentially evade capture by an
+ opponent's pawn by going past a square under attack. The en passant capture (from the French for <quote>in passing</quote>) was
+ added to prevent this. The capture is made exactly as if the pawn had moved only one square forward. There are
+ special conditions for the en passant capture:</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>A pawn must move two squares from its initial position in a single move.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>An opposing pawn must be attacking the square the first pawn moved over.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The first pawn can be captured as if it moved only one square.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The capture can only be made at the opponent's next move. If the capture is not made,
+ the first pawn is safe from en passant capture for the remainder of the game.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>In the diagram below, the white pawn has not moved from its initial position. Its first move can be
+ one or two squares ahead. The first square is under attack by the black pawn (pawns attack diagonally) as
+ indicated by the red X. The white pawn moves ahead two squares, avoiding the attack. On the next move,
+ the black pawn moves into the square where the white pawn would have moved if it could only move a single
+ square on the first move. The black pawn successfully attacks the white pawn, and captures it
+ <quote>en passant</quote>. The white pawn is removed from play.</para>
+
+ <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-enpassant.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="castling-movement">
+ <title>Castling</title>
+
+ <para>Castling uses the king and one rook, and is the only time in a game when more than one piece may be moved
+ during a single turn. In castling a king is moved two squares towards the rook and the rook is then moved to
+ the square on the other side of the king.</para>
+
+ <para>Castling has some rigid requirements:</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Both the king and the rook may never have moved during the game.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>There are no pieces between the king and the rook.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The king is not in check.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The king does not cross over a square that is attacked by the opponent's pieces.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The king does not end the move on a square that is attacked by the opponent's pieces. (The
+ castling move cannot end with the king in check.)</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>There are two forms of castling. One is called <quote>kingside castling</quote>. It is also known as
+ <quote>short castling</quote>, since it is performed to the short side of the board and the rook only has to
+ move two squares to the opposite side of the king. It is diagramed below:</para>
+
+ <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-castle-kingside.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
+
+ <para>The second form of castling is called <quote>queenside castling</quote>, where the king moves towards the
+ square vacated by the queen. It is also known as <quote>long castling</quote>, since it is performed to the long
+ side of the board and the rook has to move three squares to the opposite side of the king. It is diagramed below:</para>
+
+ <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-castle-queenside.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject><para/>
+
+ <note><para>In &i18n-knights; to castle you move the king two squares towards the rook. &i18n-knights; will complete
+ the castling move. Do not move the rook, as &i18n-knights; assumes you wish only to move the rook and not to castle.</para></note>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="pawn-promotion-movement">
+ <title>Pawn Promotion</title>
+
+ <para>When a pawn has reached the other end of the board it cannot move further, since
+ it always must move forward and not backwards. The pawn is then turned
+ (<quote>promoted</quote>) into a queen, rook, bishop or knight. This promotion
+ occurs as part of the move. Usually the piece chosen is the queen, often called
+ <quote>queening</quote>. The other pieces are sometimes chosen when their movements
+ will aid in checkmate, often called <quote>under promoting</quote>. The pawn can be
+ turned into a piece even if that type of piece is still on the board. Thus you can have
+ two queens or three rooks, bishops or knights in play at once.</para>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="game-end">
+ <title>Game Endings</title>
+ <sect2 id="checkmate">
+ <title>Checkmate</title>
+
+ <para>When a king is under attack and threatened with capture by an opponent's piece, the king is
+ said to be <quote>in check</quote>. A king must get out of check immediately. There are three possible
+ ways to get out of check.</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Capture the attacking piece.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Move the king away from the attack and to a safe square which is not under attack by
+ an opponent's piece.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Block the attack by placing a piece between the attacker and the king.
+ (Cannot be done for an attack by a knight or pawn.)</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>If the king has no way to escape from the check, the position is called <quote>checkmate</quote> and
+ the game ends. The player who is checkmated loses the game. The king is never actually captured and
+ removed from the board.</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="resign">
+ <title>Resign</title>
+
+ <para>At any time during the game, a player may resign (quit). The
+ game ends and the player's opponent wins the game.</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="draw">
+ <title>Draw</title>
+
+ <para>A <quote>draw</quote> is a tie between the players. There are several ways that a
+ draw can occur.</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Stalemate - (see below)</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Threefold repetition - If the exact same position is repeated at least 3 times
+ (not necessarily by a repetition of moves). It requires that the possible moves of all
+ the pieces of both players are the same. If the possibility of a pawn being captured
+ en passant has changed or the possibility to castle has changed, the position is not
+ the same - even if the pieces are in the same locations.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Fifty-move rule - If no piece has been captured or a pawn moved in the last fifty moves
+ by each player.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Impossibility of checkmate - If a position arises in which neither player could possibly
+ give checkmate by a series of legal moves. Usually this is because there is insufficient material left
+ to checkmate, but it is possible in other positions. Combinations with insufficient material to
+ checkmate are:</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>king versus king</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>king and bishop versus king</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>king and knight versus king</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>king and bishop versus king and bishop with both bishops on the same color</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Time expires - If a player's time runs out and their opponent does not have mating material.
+ (see below)</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Mutual agreement - If both players agree to draw.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="stalemate">
+ <title>Stalemate</title>
+
+ <para>If a player has no legal move (every possible move would put their king in check) but
+ their king is not presently in check, the game ends in a <quote>stalemate</quote>. Stalemate results in
+ the game being a draw.</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="time-end">
+ <title>Time</title>
+
+ <para>If time should run out on a player before they complete the required number of moves:</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>The player loses the game if the opponent has mating material.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The game is a draw if the opponent does not having mating material.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>Mating material is considered to be any group of pieces except just a king, a king and a bishop,
+ or a king and a knight.</para>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="time-controls">
+ <title>Time Controls</title>
+
+ <para>Many games of chess use time controls to speed the play or ensure a finish in a reasonable period.
+ There are two main forms of time controls.</para>
+
+ <para>The first time control type is moves-per-time. In this type a player must complete a specified
+ number of moves within a fixed period of time.</para>
+
+ <para>The second time control type is called <quote>sudden death</quote>. In this type there
+ is a fixed amount of time to complete the game, regardless of the number of moves made.</para>
+
+ <para>Within the time control there can be a time delay to compensate for the time lost in physically
+ making a move. In the <quote>Bronstein delay</quote> the clock does not start running at the beginning
+ of the player's move until the delay time is over. If the move is completed before the delay time expires,
+ no time is subtracted from the player's clock. In the <quote>Fischer delay</quote> the delay time is added
+ to the player's remaining time before the move. If the move is made before the delay time expires,
+ the remaining delay time is kept by the player and their clock time increases. Similarly, a fixed time can
+ be added to the player's clock after a move is completed. When time is added to the clock, the time amount is
+ referred to as the <quote>time increment</quote>.</para>
+
+ <para>Time controls vary widely depending upon the game, game type and any sponsor. Also during a game there
+ may be several types of time controls joined together, with unused time added to the next time control. For
+ all major World Chess Federation (FIDE) events the time control is 90 minutes for the first 40 moves followed
+ by 30 minutes sudden death, with an additional 30 seconds per move beginning with the first move. The defaults
+ on FICS (Free Internet Chess Server) are 2 minutes for the game (sudden death), plus 12 seconds time increment
+ for each move. Many major events use 90 minutes sudden death for their time control. The US Chess Federation
+ Blitz chess time control is 5 minutes for the game, with no time delays/increments.</para>
+ </sect1>
</chapter>
-
+
<chapter id="markers">
<title>Markers</title>
- <para>
- Markers are highlights of squares on the chessboard. They can be used to show legal moves for your
- chess piece, the opponent's previous move, or a king in check. Their color and shape depends on which
- theme you are using. They can be toggled on/off in the general settings section of the configuration menu.
- </para>
- <para>
- Clicking on your piece during your turn displays a marker on every square on which that piece can be moved.
- The picture shows the legal moves for the white queen.
- </para>
- <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-moving-queen.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
- <para>
- When your opponent has made a move, their last move is indicated by markers. One marker shows the
- initial position of the chess piece, and a second highlights the new position of the chess piece.
- </para>
- <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-lastmove.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
- <para>
- If the opponent's last move put your king under attack (<quote>check</quote>), your
- king and all attacking pieces are highlighted as well.
- </para>
- <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-danger.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
- <note>
- <para>Some themes may not support all types of markers.</para>
- </note>
+
+ <para>Markers are highlights of squares on the chessboard. They can be used to show legal moves for your
+ chess piece, the opponent's previous move, or a king in check. Their color and shape depends on which
+ theme you are using. They can be toggled on/off in the general settings section of the configuration menu.</para>
+
+ <para>Clicking on your piece during your turn displays a marker on every square on which that piece can be moved.
+ The picture shows the legal moves for the white queen.</para>
+
+ <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-moving-queen.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
+
+ <para>When your opponent has made a move, their last move is indicated by markers. One marker shows the
+ initial position of the chess piece, and a second highlights the new position of the chess piece.</para>
+
+ <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-lastmove.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
+
+ <para>If the opponent's last move put your king under attack (<quote>check</quote>), your
+ king and all attacking pieces are highlighted as well.</para>
+
+ <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-danger.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject><para/>
+
+ <note><para>Some themes may not support all types of markers.</para></note>
</chapter>
<chapter id="configuration">
<title>Game Configuration</title><!-- do not change this! -->
- <para>
- The &i18n-knights; configuration dialog allows you to change visual
- options, as well as select themes for &i18n-knights;.
- </para>
- <para>
- Once you are satisfied with the changes you have selected you
- can make the changes by either press the <guibutton>Apply</guibutton>
- or the <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button, located at the bottom part
- of the dialog. Pressing <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button will also close the
- configuration dialog.
- </para>
- <para>
- If, however, you are dissatisfied with your changes – simply press
- <guibutton>Cancel</guibutton> button to discard the changes and close
- the configuration dialog. You must press the <guibutton>Cancel</guibutton> button
- before clicking <guibutton>Apply</guibutton> or <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button.
- </para>
+
+ <para>The &i18n-knights; configuration dialog allows you to change visual
+ options, as well as select themes for &i18n-knights;.</para>
+
+ <para>Once you are satisfied with the changes you have selected you
+ can make the changes by either press the <guibutton>Apply</guibutton>
+ or the <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button, located at the bottom part
+ of the dialog. Pressing <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button will also close the
+ configuration dialog.</para>
+
+ <para>If, however, you are dissatisfied with your changes – simply press
+ <guibutton>Cancel</guibutton> button to discard the changes and close
+ the configuration dialog. You must press the <guibutton>Cancel</guibutton> button
+ before clicking <guibutton>Apply</guibutton> or <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button.</para>
<sect1 id="configuration-general">
<title>General</title>
- <para>
- The <guilabel>General</guilabel> section contains options on the
- general appearance of &i18n-knights;. Animations of the pieces and
- board can be enabled or modified. The animations section is visible
- based upon system software, and is seen only if animations are
- available. Turning around the board is available, allowing the &i18n-knights;
- chess board to be flipped when used on a computer screen or stationary when
- used on a tablet computer as a chess board replacement.
- All three types of <link linkend="markers">markers</link>
- can be enabled or disabled. Borders around the chess board can be
- activated with or without algebraic chess notation by using a drop
- down menu.
- </para>
- <note><para>
- Some themes may not support markers, borders and/or notations.
- In this case, the configuration will have no effect on them,
- but will be remembered in case you change themes again.
- </para></note>
+
+ <para>The <guilabel>General</guilabel> section contains options on the
+ general appearance of &i18n-knights;. Animations of the pieces and
+ board can be enabled or modified. The animations section is visible
+ based upon system software, and is seen only if animations are
+ available. Turning around the board is available, allowing the &i18n-knights;
+ chess board to be flipped when used on a computer screen or stationary when
+ used on a tablet computer as a chess board replacement.
+ All three types of <link linkend="markers">markers</link>
+ can be enabled or disabled. Borders around the chess board can be
+ activated with or without algebraic chess notation by using a drop
+ down menu.</para>
+
+ <note><para>Some themes may not support markers, borders and/or notations.
+ In this case, the configuration will have no effect on them,
+ but will be remembered in case you change themes again.</para></note>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="configuration-engines">
<title>Computer Engines</title>
- <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-engines.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
- <para>
- The <guilabel>Computer Engines</guilabel> section allows you to configure
- your computer opponents. For each engine specify the program name, the command used
- to launch it, and the protocol it uses. &i18n-knights; supports two protocols for
- chess engines: XBoard and UCI.
- </para>
- <para>
- A new engine configuration can be added by press <guibutton>Add</guibutton> button and
- entering the three options mentioned above. A symbol in the last columns tells you whether
- the specified program is installed on your computer or not.
- </para>
+
+ <screenshot>
+ <screeninfo>Configure - &i18n-knights; dialog</screeninfo>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-engines.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject>
+ <caption>Computer Engines page</caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>The <guilabel>Computer Engines</guilabel> page allows you to configure
+ your computer opponents. For each engine specify the program name, the command used
+ to launch it, and the protocol it uses. &i18n-knights; supports two protocols for
+ chess engines: XBoard and <acronym>UCI</acronym>.</para>
+
+ <para>A new engine configuration can be added by press <guibutton>Add</guibutton> button and
+ entering the three options mentioned above. A symbol in the last columns tells you whether
+ the specified program is installed on your computer or not.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="configuration-themes">
<title>Themes</title>
- <para>
- The <guilabel>Theme</guilabel> section allows the selection of a
- theme. The theme supplies the images for the board, pieces,
- markers and other items. To select a new theme, choose the
- theme's name from the selection list. You can also
- download new themes from the same page, by pressing the
- <guibutton>Get New Themes...</guibutton> button. Themes are stored
- at kde-look.org under &knights;.
- </para>
- <note><para>
- For your convenience a quick preview screenshot will be
- displayed on the right hand side of the selection list
- as soon as you select the theme you are interested in.
- </para></note>
+
+ <para>The <guilabel>Theme</guilabel> section allows the selection of a
+ theme. The theme supplies the images for the board, pieces, markers
+ and other items. To select a new theme, choose the theme's name from
+ the selection list. You can also download new themes from the same page,
+ by pressing the <guibutton>Get New Themes...</guibutton> button. Themes
+ are stored at kde-look.org under &knights;.</para>
+
+ <note><para>For your convenience a quick preview screenshot will be
+ displayed on the right hand side of the selection list as soon as you
+ select the theme you are interested in.</para></note>
</sect1>
</chapter>
@@ -658,19 +718,17 @@
<title>Credits and License</title>
<para>&knights;</para>
+
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>Miha Čančula <email>miha.cancula at gmail.com</email> - Original Author</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
- <para>
- Documentation copyright 2010, Miha Čančula
- <email>miha.cancula at gmail.com</email>
- </para>
-
+
+ <para>Documentation copyright 2010, Miha Čančula <email>miha.cancula at gmail.com</email></para>
+
<!-- TRANS:CREDIT_FOR_TRANSLATORS -->
&underFDL;
&underGPL;
-
</chapter>
</book>
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