<div dir="ltr"><div>Digging more in how ICU implementing the astronomical Islamic calendar (see <a href="https://github.com/unicode-org/icu/blob/030fa1a4791ee7c2f58505ebb61253c3032916ec/icu4c/source/i18n/islamcal.cpp">https://github.com/unicode-org/icu/blob/030fa1a4791ee7c2f58505ebb61253c3032916ec/icu4c/source/i18n/islamcal.cpp</a> ), I find out they depend on general astronomical calculations (from "<span class="gmail-pl-c">Practical Astronomy with your Calculator" book) </span>without any criteria for crescent visibility base in our location on earth. <br></div><div><br></div><div>I think it's worth to put some info to the end user saying that "This calendar is base on pure astronomical calculation. It doesn't consider any crescent visibility criteria". <br></div><div><br></div><div>Regards,</div><div>Zayed<br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Fri, Jan 13, 2023 at 12:35 PM Fusion Future <<a href="mailto:qydwhotmail@gmail.com">qydwhotmail@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">The official libicu does not have clear documents, but I have found<br>
some information on Android Developers website.<br>
<br>
<a href="https://developer.android.com/reference/android/icu/util/IslamicCalendar" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://developer.android.com/reference/android/icu/util/IslamicCalendar</a><br>
<br>
So Islamic calendar in libicu only uses approximations of the true<br>
astronomical calculations.<br>
<br>
```<br>
The Islamic religious calendar and Saudi Arabia's Umm al-Qura<br>
calendar, however, are based on the observation of the crescent moon.<br>
It is thus affected by the position at which the observations are<br>
made, seasonal variations in the time of sunset, the eccentricities of<br>
the moon's orbit, and even the weather at the observation site. This<br>
makes it impossible to calculate in advance, and it causes the start<br>
of a month in the religious calendar to differ from the civil calendar<br>
by up to three days.<br>
<br>
Using astronomical calculations for the position of the sun and moon,<br>
the moon's illumination, and other factors, it is possible to<br>
determine the start of a lunar month with a fairly high degree of<br>
certainty. However, these calculations are extremely complicated and<br>
thus slow, so most algorithms, including the one used here, are only<br>
approximations of the true astronomical calculations. At present, the<br>
approximations used in this class are fairly simplistic; they will be<br>
improved in later versions of the code.<br>
<br>
Like the Islamic religious calendar, Umm al-Qura is also based on the<br>
sighting method of the crescent moon but is standardized by Saudi<br>
Arabia.<br>
```<br>
<br>
Zayed Al-Saidi <<a href="mailto:zayed.alsaidi@gmail.com" target="_blank">zayed.alsaidi@gmail.com</a>> 於 2023年1月13日 週五 下午1:54寫道:<br>
><br>
> Thank you for your effort.<br>
><br>
> As of now, there is no agreed method to follow in a cross Islamic world to determine the beginning of the Hijri months. The agree one is moon sighting by naked eyes for each country.<br>
><br>
> However, there many attempt to develop one. The easiest one are Tabular methods (arithmetic rules). There are two system using way:<br>
> 1- Tabular Islamic calendar<br>
> 2- Microsoft's Kuwaiti algorithm<br>
> Please refer to this page for more details: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabular_Islamic_calendar" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabular_Islamic_calendar</a><br>
><br>
> The second type is astronomical calculations. In this category, the algorithm sets crescent criteria such as SAAO, Yallop, Odeh etc. Here is the most used one:<br>
> 1- Umm Al-Qura (used in KSA)<br>
> 2- Universal Hejric Calendar, (used in Jordan and Algeria, see <a href="https://www.astronomycenter.net/uhc.html" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.astronomycenter.net/uhc.html</a>)<br>
> But most islamic country developed their calendar base one crescent criteria. For example, in Oman we have "Omani Calendar" which could differ a little bit of form Umm Al-Qura calendar.<br>
><br>
> As of ICU's Islamic Calnder (Astronomical), I'm not sure which crescent criteria they are following.<br>
><br>
> Regards,<br>
> Zayed<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> On Wed, Jan 11, 2023 at 5:38 PM Fusion Future <<a href="mailto:qydwhotmail@gmail.com" target="_blank">qydwhotmail@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br>
>><br>
>> Hello,<br>
>><br>
>> I see there are different kinds of Islamic calendars in<br>
>> <a href="https://cldr.unicode.org/development/development-process/design-proposals/islamic-calendar-types" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://cldr.unicode.org/development/development-process/design-proposals/islamic-calendar-types</a><br>
>><br>
>> But I couldn't understand the difference. Here I would like to know<br>
>> which Islamic calendar is commonly used nowadays so I can implement<br>
>> alternate calendar support for it in Plasma.<br>
>><br>
>> Thanks in advance!<br>
>><br>
</blockquote></div>